[The Significance of Dynamic Drawing Examination in the History of Psychology and Psychopathology of Visual Expression].

The Dynamic Drawing Examination (DRV) is a method developed by István Hárdi, which holds a significant position in the history of the psychology of visual expression. Hárdi began to create this method in 1956 and developed it over 67 years. The DRV focuses on the dynamic process of clinical and drawing changes, distinguishing among various aspects including formal categories, content features, personality levels, and temporal changes. The method pays special attention to avoiding signes-fixed and prejudicial psychoanalytic interpretations. During the evaluation, participants are asked to create a human drawing, an animal drawing, and a free drawing, which are then assessed based on the principle of confrontation and comparative analysis. The DRV represented an important advancement in psychiatric and psychological diagnostics, as it was built on new perspectives instead of traditional approaches.

Oral Abundance of Actinomyces spp. in Breast Cancer Patients.

OBJECTIVES: Pathophysiology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is still unclear, and disease development is associated with adverse reaction of bisphosphonates and denosumab, and Actinomyces spp. as well. In this study, we evaluated the abundance of Actinomyces spp. in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy compared to healthy controls. METHODS: Oropharyngeal samples were collected from treatment-naive early-stage breast cancer patients, who were scheduled for standard of care therapy (eight samples throughout chemotherapy, one prior to radiotherapy and one after a year of start), as well as from healthy controls at matched timepoints. We quantified Actinomyces spp. in the samples with a highly sensitive and specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled. Forty-eight percent of patients suffered from estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive or -negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative disease, 38% were HER2-positive, and 14% were triple-negative. Comparison of Actinomyces spp. loads in cancer patients and healthy controls did not reveal significant difference. Fluctuations on bacterial quantity were observed in both groups over time. Tumor receptor status or different chemotherapy schemes of patients were not correlated with a particular pattern on abundance of Actinomyces spp. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that Actinomyces spp. are not the initiative factors in MRONJ development. These bacteria are not altered in abundance during chemotherapy, but they behave opportunistic when there is a bone disruption in the oropharynx in the first place caused by antiresorptive drugs or dental trauma and proliferate in their new niche. Thus, Actinomyces spp. plays a latter role in MRONJ development, rather than a primary causative one.

In vivo / in vitro Correlation of Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Doripenem in a Bovine Blood Hemodialysis Model.

Background: Elimination of a drug during renal replacement therapy is not only dependent on flow rates, molecular size and protein binding, but is often influenced by difficult to predict drug membrane interactions. In vitro models allow for extensive profiling of drug clearance using a wide array of hemofilters and flow rates. We present a bovine blood based in vitro pharmacokinetic model for intermittent renal replacement therapy. Methods: Four different drugs were analyzed: gentamicin, doripenem, vancomicin and teicoplanin. The investigated drug was added to a bovine blood reservoir connected to a hemodialysis circuit. In total seven hemofilter models were analyzed using commonly employed flow rates. Pre-filter, post-filter and dialysate samples were drawn, plasmaseparated and analyzed using turbidimetric assays or HPLC. Protein binding of doripenem and vancomycin was measured in bovine plasma and compared to previously published values for human plasma. Results: Clearance values were heavily impacted by choice of membrane material and surface as well as by dialysis parameters such as blood flow rate. Gentamicin clearance ranged from a minimum of 90.12 ml/min in a Baxter CAHP-170 diacetate hemofilter up to a maximum of 187.90 ml/min in a Fresenius medical company Fx80 polysulfone model (blood flow rate 400 ml/min, dialysate flow rate 800 ml/min). Clearance of Gentamicin vs Vancomicin over the F80s hemofilter model using the same flow rates was 137.62 mL vs 103.25 ml/min. Doripenem clearance with the Fx80 was 141.25 ml/min. Conclusion: Clearance values corresponded very well to previously published data from clinical pharmacokinetic trials. In conjunction with in silico pharmacometric models. This model will allow precise dosing recommendations without the need of large scale clinical trials.

Opinions about coronavirus vaccination ­ the role of healthcare workers in communication in December 2020 / A koronavírus elleni védooltással kapcsolatos vélekedések - az egészségügyi dolgozók szerepe az ismeretek átadásában 2020 decemberében.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A koronavírus elleni védooltással kapcsolatos vélekedések igen aktuális, társadalmi szempontból fontos területét adják az egészségmagatartással foglalkozó kutatásoknak. Célkituzés: Vizsgálatunk a védooltásról különbözoképpen vélekedo (oltást elutasító, oltást választó, oltáson nem gondolkodó, valamint bizonytalan) csoportok elemzését tuzte ki célul az oltás elonyeinek és hátrányainak, valamint az információforrások használatának tekintetében. Módszer: A mintát "A koronavírus-járvány okozta lelki tényezok utánkövetéses vizsgálatának" 2020 decemberében felvett adatai adják; a vizsgálat során 1009 fo válaszait egyszempontos varianciaanalízissel elemeztük. Eredmények: Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a budapestiek és a Közép-Magyarországon élok, az idosebbek, a férfiak, a magasabb iskolai végzettséguek, valamint a házasok választják nagyobb eséllyel a védooltást. Az oltásról különbözoképpen vélekedo csoportokat az oltás elonyei jobban elkülönítik egymástól, mint az oltás hátrányai. Az elonyök közül a csoportokat foképp a társas, társadalmi érdekekre fókuszáló tételek differenciálják, melyek a járvány megfékezésérol, a fertozés átadásáról szólnak. A használt információforrásokat elemezve pedig elmondható, hogy mind a négy csoport jobban támaszkodik a személyes (család, barátok) és az orvosi, egészségügybol érkezo információkra, mint a médiából érkezo hírekre. Következtetés: Az oltási csoportok véleménye az oltás pozitív hozadékait, különösképp társadalmi hasznosságát illetoen tér el, mely vélemények a leginkább a személyes kapcsolatokon, így az egészségügyi dolgozók álláspontján keresztül formálódnak. Tehát az egészségügyben dolgozóknak kiemelkedo szerepük van a hozzájuk tanácsért fordulók differenciált megértésében, szakértoi tájékoztatásában és megfelelo tanácsokkal való ellátásában. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(24): 931-937. INTRODUCTION: Beliefs regarding coronavirus vaccination provide very actual and socially important area in mental health research. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to differentiate the opinions related to coronavirus vaccination (acceptance, refusal, ignorance, hesitation). We analyzed advantages and disadvantages of vaccination, and the different channels in getting information about the vaccine. METHOD: Our study is part of the "Longitudinal examination of mental factors caused by the coronavirus epidemic" research project, wave of December 2020. We analyzed the responses of 1009 people by one-way analysis of variance tests. RESULTS: Our results show that elder people, males, and those who have higher education are more likely to accept the vaccine. In addition, those who live in Budapest and Cental Hungary are more likely to choose vaccination against the coronavirus than those living in other areas. The groups with different opinions on vaccination are better discriminated by benefit-related than risk-related opinions. Those benefit-related items showed the largest variance between groups, which focused on social usefulness on curbing the epidemics, preventing the spread of the infection. Analyzing the sources of information, we found that all groups rely more on personal (family, friends) and medical health information than on news from the media. CONCLUSION: The opinions of the vaccination groups differ mostly regarding the positive benefits of vaccination, especially the social usefulness. Opinions are mostly formed through personal relationships including relations with healthcare workers. Healthcare professionals therefore have a key role in providing a differentiated understanding of those seeking advice, providing expert information and appropriate advice. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(24): 931-937.

A Longitudinal Seroprevalence Study Evaluating Infection Control and Prevention Strategies at a Large Tertiary Care Center with Low COVID-19 Incidence.

Personal protective equipment and adherence to disinfection protocols are essential to prevent nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Here, we evaluated infection control measures in a prospective longitudinal single-center study at the Vienna General Hospital, the biggest tertiary care center in Austria, with a structurally planned low SARS-CoV-2 exposure. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were assessed by Abbott ARCHITECT chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) in 599 health care workers (HCWs) at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in early April and two months later. Neutralization assay confirmed CLIA-positive samples. A structured questionnaire was completed at both visits assessing demographic parameters, family situation, travel history, occupational coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure, and personal protective equipment handling. At the first visit, 6 of 599 participants (1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. The seroprevalence increased to 1.5% (8/553) at the second visit and did not differ depending on the working environment. Unprotected SARS-CoV-2 exposure (p = 0.003), positively tested family members (p = 0.04), and travel history (p = 0.09) were more frequently reported by positively tested HCWs. Odds for COVID-19 related symptoms were highest for congestion or runny nose (p = 0.002) and altered taste or smell (p < 0.001). In conclusion, prevention strategies proved feasible in reducing the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients and among HCWs in a low incidence hospital, not exceeding the one described in the general population.

Overview of the Hungarian National Youth Fitness Study.

The 2012 Public Act on Education in Hungary made daily physical education (PE) a mandatory part of the school day starting in the 2012-2013 school year. This directive was linked to a significant reorganization of the Hungarian education system including a new National Core Curriculum that regulates the objectives and contents of PE. The Hungarian School Sport Federation (HSSF) recognized the opportunity and created the Strategic Actions for Health-Enhancing Physical Education or Testnevelés az Egészségfejlesztésben Stratégiai Intézkedések (TESI) project. Physical fitness assessments have been a traditional part of the Hungarian PE program; however, the TESI plan called for the use of a new health-related battery and assessment system to usher in a new era of fitness education in the country. The HSSF enlisted the Cooper Institute to assist in building an infrastructure for full deployment of a national student fitness assessment program based on the FITNESSGRAM® in Hungarian schools. The result is a new software-supported test battery, namely the Hungarian National Student Fitness Test (NETFIT), which uses health-related, criterion-referenced youth fitness standards. The NETFIT system now serves as a compulsory fitness assessment for all Hungarian schools. This article details the development process for the test battery and summarizes the aims and methods of the Hungarian National Youth Fitness Study.

Associations Between Attitudes Toward Physical Education and Aerobic Capacity in Hungarian High School Students.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to create a physical education (PE) attitude scale and examine how it is associated with aerobic capacity (AC). METHOD: Participants (n = 961, aged 15-20 years) were randomly selected from 26 Hungarian high schools. AC was estimated from performance on the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular and Endurance Run test, and the attitude scale had 31 items measured on a Likert scale that ranged from 1 to 5. Principal component analysis was used to examine the structure of the questionnaire while several 2-way analyses of variance and multiple linear regression (MLR) were computed to examine trends in AC and test the association between component scores obtained from the attitude scale and AC, respectively. RESULTS: Five components were identified: health orientation in PE (C1), avoid failure in PE (C2), success orientation in PE (C3), attitude toward physical activity (C4), and cooperation and social experience in PE (C5). There was a statistically significant main effect for sex on C3 (p < .05), C4 (p < .001), and C5 (p < .05) indicating that boys' scores were higher than girls. The Sex × Age interaction was also statistically significant (p < .05) and follow-up comparisons revealed sex differences in C5 for 15-year-old participants. Girls showed statistically significant higher values than boys in C5 at the age of 16 years. MLR results revealed that component scores were significantly associated with AC (p < .05). Statistically significant predictors included C1, C2, C3, and C4 for boys and C2 and C4 for girls. CONCLUSION: The 5-component scale seems to be suitable for measuring students' attitudes toward PE. The design of the study does not allow for direct associations between attitudes and AC but suggests that these 2 might be related.

Vanilloid receptors in hearing: altered cochlear sensitivity by vanilloids and expression of TRPV1 in the organ of corti.

Capsaicin, the vanilloid that selectively activates vanilloid receptors (VRs) on sensory neurons for noxious perception, has been reported to increase cochlear blood flow (CBF). VR-related receptors have also been found in the inner ear. This study aims to address the question as to whether VRs exist in the organ of Corti and play a role in cochlear physiology. Capsaicin or the more potent VR agonist, resiniferatoxin (RTX), was infused into the scala tympani of guinea pig cochlea, and their effects on cochlear sensitivity were investigated. Capsaicin (20 microM) elevated the threshold of auditory nerve compound action potential and reduced the magnitude of cochlear microphonic and electrically evoked otoacoustic emissions. These effects were reversible and could be blocked by a competitive antagonist, capsazepine. Application of 2 microM RTX resulted in cochlear sensitivity alterations similar to that by capsaicin, which could also be blocked by capsazepine. A desensitization phenomenon was observed in the case of prolonged perfusion with either capsaicin or RTX. Brief increase of CBF by capsaicin was confirmed, and the endocochlear potential was not decreased. Basilar membrane velocity (BM) growth functions near the best frequency and BM tuning were altered by capsaicin. Immunohistochemistry study revealed the presence of vanilloid receptor type 1 of the transient receptor potential channel family in the hair cells and supporting cells of the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion cells of the cochlea. The results indicate that the main action of capsaicin is on outer hair cells and suggest that VRs in the cochlea play a role in cochlear homeostasis.